1,212 research outputs found
Numerical study on run-up heights of solitary wave with hydrodynamic pressure model
For many shallow water flows, it is sufficient to consider the depth-averaged equations, referred as the shallow water equations, which are two-dimensional in the horizontal plane, since the length scale of the vertical direction is much smaller than that of the horizontal directions. Assuming that the pressure distribution is hydrostatic, the mathematical formulation and its numerical implementation are considerably simplified. In this study, a numerical model is newly developed to investigate various free surface fl ow problems. The governing equations are the Navier???Stokes equations with the pressure decomposed into the sum of a hydrostatic and a hydrodynamic components. The equation for the free surface movement is a depth???averaged continuity equation which is a free surface equation. These governing equations are simultaneously solved by using a finite difference method with a semi???implicit method and fractional step method. At the first step, the vertical momentum equations are discretized by using an implicit method over the vertical direction. In the second step, the discrete horizontal momentum equations are projected on to the free surface equation. Finally, the hydrodynamic pressure and final velocity field are calculated. To verify the accuracy and stability, the present numerical model is applied to move practical problems such as the run???up process of solitary waves attacking a circular island. The numerically obtained maximum run???up heights around a circular island are compared with available laboratory measurements. A very reasonable agreement is observed
Analysis of signalling pathways using continuous time Markov chains
We describe a quantitative modelling and analysis approach for signal transduction networks.
We illustrate the approach with an example, the RKIP inhibited ERK pathway [CSK+03]. Our models are high level descriptions of continuous time Markov chains: proteins are modelled by synchronous processes and reactions by transitions. Concentrations are modelled by discrete, abstract quantities. The main advantage of our approach is that using a (continuous time) stochastic logic and the PRISM model checker, we can perform quantitative analysis such as what is the probability that if a concentration reaches a certain level, it will remain at that level thereafter? or how does varying a given reaction rate affect that probability? We also perform standard simulations and compare our results with a traditional ordinary differential equation model. An interesting result is that for the example pathway, only a small number of discrete data values is required to render the simulations practically indistinguishable
Mean-field model of the ferromagnetic ordering in the superconducting phase of ErNi_2B_2C
A mean-field model explaining most of the details in the magnetic phase
diagram of ErNi_2B_2C is presented. The low-temperature magnetic properties are
found to be dominated by the appearance of long-period commensurate structures.
The stable structure at low temperatures and zero field is found to have a
period of 40 layers along the a direction, and upon cooling it undergoes a
first-order transition at T_C = 2.3 K to a different 40-layered structure
having a net ferromagnetic component of about 0.4 mu_B/Er. The
neutron-diffraction patterns predicted by the two 40-layered structures, above
and below T_C, are in agreement with the observations of Choi et al.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures (Revtex4
Lockin to Weak Ferromagnetism in TbNi2B2C and ErNi2B2C
This article describes a model in which ferromagnetism necessarily
accompanies a spin-density-wave lockin transition in the borocarbide structure
provided the commensurate phase wave vector satisfies Q = (m/n)a* with m even
and n odd. The results account for the magnetic properties of TbNi2B2C, and are
also possibly relevant also for those of ErNi2B2C.Comment: 4 page
The quadratic spinor Lagrangian is equivalent to the teleparallel theory
The quadratic spinor Lagrangian is shown to be equivalent to the teleparallel
/ tetrad representation of Einstein's theory. An important consequence is that
the energy-momentum density obtained from this quadratic spinor Lagrangian is
essentially the same as the ``tensor'' proposed by Moller in 1961.Comment: 10 pages, RevTe
The complete chloroplast genome of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and comparative analysis within the family poaceae
The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.), an important grain and forage crop in the family Poaceae, is reported in this study. The complete cp genome sequence of P. glaucum is 138,172 bp in length with 38.6% overall GC content and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure comprising one pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (22,275 bp) separated by a small single-copy (SSC) region (12,409 bp) and a large single-copy (LSC) region (81,213). The P. glaucum cp genome encodes 110 unique genes, 76 of which are protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 18 duplicated genes in the IR region. Nine genes contain one or two introns. Whole genome alignments of cp genome were performed for genome-wide comparison. Locally collinear blocks (LCBs) identified among the cp genomes showed that they were well conserved with respect to gene organization and order. This newly determined cp genome sequence of P. glaucum will provide valuable information for the future breeding programs of valuable cereal crops in the family Poaceae
Tunneling spectroscopy in the magnetic superconductor TmNi2B2C
We present new measurements about the tunneling conductance in the
borocarbide superconductor TmNiBC. The results show a very good
agreement with weak coupling BCS theory, without any lifetime broadening
parameter, over the whole sample surface. We detect no particular change of the
tunneling spectroscopy below 1.5K, when both the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase
and the superconducting order coexist.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. B, Rapid Communication
Kinetic Turbulence
The weak collisionality typical of turbulence in many diffuse astrophysical
plasmas invalidates an MHD description of the turbulent dynamics, motivating
the development of a more comprehensive theory of kinetic turbulence. In
particular, a kinetic approach is essential for the investigation of the
physical mechanisms responsible for the dissipation of astrophysical turbulence
and the resulting heating of the plasma. This chapter reviews the limitations
of MHD turbulence theory and explains how kinetic considerations may be
incorporated to obtain a kinetic theory for astrophysical plasma turbulence.
Key questions about the nature of kinetic turbulence that drive current
research efforts are identified. A comprehensive model of the kinetic turbulent
cascade is presented, with a detailed discussion of each component of the model
and a review of supporting and conflicting theoretical, numerical, and
observational evidence.Comment: 31 pages, 3 figures, 99 references, Chapter 6 in A. Lazarian et al.
(eds.), Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media, Astrophysics and Space Science
Library 407, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2015
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